It depends what you're looking for but if you're looking for a ragebaiter x ragebaited ship with banter + they can be their genuine selves in front of each other, I would say you would love Hak and Yona from Akatsuki no Yona (manga) if you haven't read it already. They have some differences (childhood friends, princess x bodyguard) but Hak's yearning is on Callisto's level and Yona didn't care about flirting or seducing Hak so she was unapologetically herself with him, the same way Penelope didn't feel the need to hide her thorny side to Callisto because she felt no need to seduce him.

The Perks of Being a Villainess's main leads kind of have the same vibes and color schemes, it's more lighthearted and there's an academic setting!
The Villainess Needs Her Tyrant (manhwa) also has a dynamic that can remind you of them (the ML lowkey looks like Callisto too and he's more leaning towards yandere sometimes but I feel like the way he acts would be aking to Callisto if he would've known abou the time loops) but ngl the pacing was a bit off sometimes and the ending was rushed.

The one dynamic that looks the closest to Penelope and Callisto's would be Sylus and MC from Love and Deepspace (not a manhwa or manga tho) because they have banter, ragebaiter x ragebaited, dragon x princess/sorceress dynamic (spoilers but yes, Callisto's lore is linked to the Golden Dragon from Eorka's founding legend)